Dear 11th Grader,
As explained in class, you are required to research the points for your respective topic and present them to class this week (11A: 29/10 - 11C 30/10). You are expected to prepare and write the notes for your part as this will be the reference for your test on the topic.
Topics:
A- Italian Unification:
Points of Research: Congress of Vienna - Red Shirts - Giuseppe Mazzini - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Camillo di Cavour - Victor Emmanuel.
B- German Unification:
Points of Research: Zollverein - realpolitik - Astro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars - Otto Von Bismark - Wilhelm I - Frederick Wilhelm IV.
C- Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire:
Points of Research: Congress of Vienna - Magyars - young Turks - Dual Monarchy - Balkan and Crimean Wars - Franz Joseph I
D- Russia
Points of Research: autocracy - serfs - pogroms - socialist republic - Bloody Sunday - Trans-Siberian Railroad - Russo Japanese War - Vladimir Lenin - Last Czar of Russia
Student Topic:
11 A:
Topic A: Omar B., Trisha, Farida, Salma, Nadine.
Topic B: Nour B., Faith, Chorouk, Zeina, Omar S.
Topic C: Farah, Ahmed Nabil, Alaa, Lama, Hala
Topic D: Mira, Azizi, Bouchra, Alia
11C:
Topic A:
The German confideration was made up of 39 separate states that shared a language and culture
ReplyDeleteThese states included Austria and prussia
Otto von Bismarck to be prussia’s prime minister bismarck became the leading force behind german unification ,though unlike the revolutionarics of 1848,he did not believe in liberal democracy. His philosophy about government realpolitik
Zolverian:an economic alliance that allowed for free trade between the german states
Wilhhelm I :king of prussia who appointed Bismarck primic minister
1. The Revolution of 1848, german liberals want to revolt agains Prussian King for unification
ReplyDelete2. After the unification, the king broke his promise that he made (creating democracy; wrtiting a constitution; passing reforms)
3. The Zollvrein was an economical alliance that promoted trade between German states, without paying tariffs. (This also happen before the unification)
4.Otto Bismarck was a conservative that practised realpolitik, where he obided all rules (without rebelling or revolting against something) , so it can be practical for Prussia's interest.
5. Bismarck formed a strong military to annexe more lands.
6. After the wars, Germany became unified, with a strong economy, finally gaining prosperity.
Austria -Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
ReplyDelete-Congreve of Vienna :
The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers.
-Balkon and Gimeon wars:
consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, suffered defeat in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the First World War .
Dual monarchy :
Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria-Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
In the 1870s, using the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary as a model, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and William Ewart Gladstone proposed that Ireland and Great Britain form a dual monarchy. Their efforts were unsuccessful, but the idea was later used in 1904 by Arthur Griffith in his seminal work, The Resurrection of Hungary. Griffith noted how in 1867 Hungary went from being part of the Austrian Empire to a separate co-equal kingdom in Austria-Hungary. Though not a monarchist himself, Griffith advocated such an approach for the Anglo-Irish relationship. The idea was not embraced by other Irish political leaders, and Ireland eventually left the Union of Great Britain and Ireland to form a separate state, the Irish Free State, in 1922.
Frank Joseph I
He was Emperor of Austria from 1848 to 1916, when he died, and after the Ausgleich of 1867 made Hungary an independent nation again, he was King of Hungary from 1867 until 1916. His total time as ruler was a month short of 68 years.
Interestingly, if Austria or Hungary had retained the monarchy after World War I, his grandson Otto von Habsburg would have been Emperor/King for an amazing 89 years, from 1922 until he died in 2011.
Young Turks:
was a Turkish nationalist party in the early 20th century that consisted of Ottoman exiles, students, civil servants, and army officers.They favoured the replacement of the Ottoman Empire's absolute monarchywith a constitutional government. Later, their leaders led a rebellion against the absolute rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in the 1908 Young Turk Revolution.With this revolution, the Young Turks helped to establish the Second Constitutional Era in 1908, ushering in an era of multi-party democracy for the first time in the country's history.